Brian Eno - Reflection

Drowned In Sound 90

Transport yourself into an Enotopia with the ambient master’s latest release on Warp Records. Through the hour-long, other-worldly journey you can still hear the rattling from his previous journey with The Ship, the echoes that are still ruminating from Apollo, and the distant hue that will forever linger in existence thanks to Music For Airports. Reflection is the latest in Brian Eno's ambient series that has been running for over four decades; a series which no-one else has come close to emulating and comes to show that we are in the presence of one the greatest musical masterminds of our lifetime.

Reflection captures Eno at his best. His most recent output has been dominated by a series of collaborations alongside the likes of Karl Hyde, Jon Hopkins and David Byrne. Although 2016’s conceptual project The Ship touched upon some of the great, ambient qualities that defined his earlier output, in reality there hasn’t been an album of this intense deepness for over two decades. It is a pure form of Eno-esque ambience filled with emotive-colour that is reflective of his Music for Airports period. And purposefully so. Recorded as one track, at just under-one hour in length, Reflection is aptly titled, as the artist looks back on how his music in particular makes people feel, and the conversations it leads them to engage in. Recorded in one live take, built upon styles and musical processes that have been developed over the past few decades, Reflection almost feels like a gift – in which we are fortunate enough for Eno to have given us.

There are not so many artists out there who have been as influential as Eno. An artist who created his own genre – a style of ambience that set the tone for modern music as we know it. Writer Maya Kalev who crafted the term ‘power ambient’ to define the modern, revivalist sound that encompassed music from artists such as Lawrence English and Ben Frost – a sound which has been ever-present in today’s musical landscape. And as relevant and important as these artists are, Reflection sits as a body of work that provides a different perspective on contemporary ambient. It feels less urgent. It paints with melodies, allowing each and every listener to have their own relationship with the music. Just imagine a conversation between Eno and that of ‘80s producer Gigi Masin, and how it could sound, with their impressionist approaches to soundscapes.

'It’s the music that I later called "Ambient",' writes Eno as an accompanying note to the LP. 'I don’t think I understand what that term stands for anymore - it seems to have swollen to accommodate some quite unexpected bedfellows - but I still use it to distinguish it from pieces of music that have fixed duration and rhythmically connected, locked together elements.' Reflection is quintessentially Eno. A beautiful, thought provoking and introspective body of work that is composed in a way that is still as unique and as radical as the man himself.

![104321](http://dis.resized.images.s3.amazonaws.com/540x310/104321.jpeg)

Fri Dec 09 15:34:08 GMT 2016

Pitchfork 77

Ambient music is a funny thing. As innocuous as it may seem on the surface, it can often be seen as an intrusion, an irritant. Muzak annoyed as many people as it mellowed, to the point where Ted Nugent tried to buy the company just to shutter it. When Brian Eno teamed with guitarist Robert Fripp (planting the seeds that would lead to his epochal Ambient series), the duo played a concert in Paris in May of 1975 that eschewed their Roxy Music and King Crimson fame and was subsequently met with catcalls, whistles, walkouts and a near-riot.

Forty years later, Eno’s ambient works have drifted from misunderstood bane to canonical works. Eno’s long career has taken him from glam-rock demiurge to the upper stratospheres of stadium rock, from the gutters of no wave to the unclassifiable terrains of Another Green World, but every few years he gets pulled back into ambient’s creative orbit. And while last year’s entry The Ship suggested a new wrinkle, wherein Eno’s art songs inhabited and wandered the space of his ambient work like a viewer in an art gallery, Reflection retreats from that hybrid and more readily slots along works like the dreamlike Thursday Afternoon and 2012’s stately Lux.

Like those aforementioned albums, Reflection is a generative piece. Eno approaches it less like an capital-A Artist, exerting his will and ego on the music, and more like a scientist conducting an experiment. He establishes a set of rules, puts a few variables into motion and then logs the results. Reflection opens with a brief melodic figure and slowly evolves from there over the course of one 54-minute piece. It’s not unlike the opening notes of Music for Airport’s “1/1,” with Robert Wyatt’s piano replaced by what might be a xylophone resonating from underwater. Each note acts like a pebble dropped into a pond, sending out ever widening ripples that slowly decay, but not before certain tones linger and swell until they more closely resemble drones. Listen closer and certain small frequencies emerge and flutter higher like down feathers in a draft.

Around the 18-minute mark, one of those wafting frequencies increases in mass and the piece turns shrill for an instant before re-settling. Another brief blip occurs a half-hour in, like a siren on a distant horizon. Between these moments, the interplay of tones is sublime, reminiscent at times of famous jazz vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson’s weightless solos, time-stretched until they seem to be emanating from the moon rather than the earth. As smooth and unperturbed as Eno’s ambient pieces tend to be, these small events feel seismic in scale, even if they are short-lived.

Scale becomes the operative word for Reflection. While the physical editions of the album last just under an hour, Eno conceived of the piece to be the most realized version of his ambient music yet, one without parameters or end. Around 51 minutes in, the music starts to slowly recede from our ears, gradually returning to silence. But there’s a version of the piece for Apple TV and iOS that presents a visual component as well as a sonic version of Reflection that’s ever-changing and endless. As the lengthy press release the accompanied the album noted: “This music would unfold differently all the time–‘like sitting by a river’: it’s always the same river, but it’s always changing.” In this instance, reviewing the actual album feels like taking measure of that river from a ship window; you can sense more changes occurring just beyond its borders.

Eno’s ambient albums have never seemed utilitarian in the way of many other ambient and new age works, but naming the album Reflection indicates that he sees this as a functional release, in some manner. Eno himself calls it an album that “seems to create a psychological space that encourages internal conversation.” It feels the most pensive of his ambient works, darker than Thursday Afternoon. Playing it back while on holiday, it seemed to add a bit more gray clouds to otherwise sunny days. Maybe that’s just an aftereffect of looking back on the previous calendar year and perceiving a great amount of darkness, or else looking forward to 2017 and feeling full of dread at what’s still to come.

Wed Jan 04 06:00:00 GMT 2017

The Guardian 60

(Warp)
The ambient overlord returns with a magnificently peaceful album – which is also released in an edition that endlessly rewrites itself

“All is quiet on New Year’s Day,” U2 once sang. That was in 1983, before they became clients of Brian Eno – and, arguably, the last time anyone had any peace on the first day of the year. New Year’s Eve raves routinely spill over into the next evening. The ceaseless chirrup of social media precludes silence.

Into this clamour lands Reflection, the latest ambient work by Eno, the Roxy Music maverick who named this new genre in 1978 with Music For Airports, and whose cultural reach now spans the avant garde, Coldplay albums and generative apps. If your idea of an album is 12 or so tunes, Eno routinely bucks that set of strictures, even if his last album, The Ship – released last April – cleaved closer than most to tradition.

The more you let it wash over you, the more it sucks you in to reveal internal structures.

Related: Brian Eno: ‘I don’t get much of a thrill out of spending money’

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Sun Jan 01 09:00:02 GMT 2017

The Guardian 60

(Warp)

If 2016 had you fleeing for a panic room or depopulated wilderness, this could be your perfect soundtrack: a chilly but mostly benign 54-minute piece of ambient music that gradually smothers your worried internal monologue. Bell-like tones fall jazzily on to a bedrock of sustained blurry chords like clusters of droplets, as electronic wind whistles and bass looms from the deep – all at a pace that makes La Monte Young sound like Major Lazer.

Those with Apple devices can download an edition that algorithmically generates an ever-changing version from these elements, fulfilling Eno’s long-held desire for “endless music, music that would be there as long as you wanted it to be”. This neatly shakes dust off the idea of a canonical album passed down by an artist on high, and rethinks the role of music as companion rather than entertainer. But it is ultimately pompous: this techno-utopian lift music, while captivating, is not exactly worthy of eternity. What one piece of music is?

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Thu Jan 05 21:00:01 GMT 2017

Tiny Mix Tapes 50

Brian Eno
Reflection

[Warp; 2017]

Rating: 2.5/5

Ultimately, taste is irrelevant. It draws us through creation and consumption, suggesting meaning, suggesting a getting there. Sometimes we find its gratification — perhaps blissful reward — and at other times we find dead ends: no action, it falls short. All the aesthetic meaning you have found starts to crumble when it can’t be relayed, when relation falls short, when the hot springs of expression turn up dry.

In 2013, Eno tells Laurie Anderson: “I periodically realize every few years that the only person whose taste I really trust is me. [both laugh] Well, I don’t say that to mean my taste is good or anything like that. It’s just consistent.” No one that Eno consulted had liked the cover art he’d made for what was then his latest. Eno decided to go with his gut on it, which has been a guiding maxim for many of his creative ventures. This principal functions well in many cases but muddies the concepts behind his supposedly more objective processes: taste predicated by a vague conception of some procedural and “scientific” process (Eno (1979): “my resources of information are kind of quasi-scientific”).

Reflection is a generative piece, which Eno defines (in the Eno on Reflection portion of his current site): “[generative pieces] make themselves. My job as a composer is to set in place a group of sounds and phrases, and then some rules which decide what happens to them.” Eno acknowledges the limits of the record format (something that indeterminacy miners like Cage and Wolff have long since bemoaned) and provides a generative iOS app of Reflection, which produces a live endless stream (i.e., river) of the piece for anyone who can forfeit $30.99 for it (Apparently this price may be different in the UK, but the Version 1.0.3 notes on the store are somewhat unclear about this. At their least, they suggest that the app’s creators “always intended REFLECTION to be a premium priced app”). This pricing raises critical concerns regarding accessibility. Ambient works provide “provocative spaces for thinking,” now “music [that will] unfold differently all the time — ‘like sitting by a river’: it’s always the same river, but it’s always changing.” The critiques here feel so blatant (who can afford to sit with the stream?) that I can only imagine one critical argument for the pricing that I might buy into: if the cost of access is undeniably expensive, the consumer will likely more fully engage with the work until they feel value has been regained through personal experience. At best, then, the generative app form of Reflection encourages a practice of deep listening and something like meditative thoughtfulness. At worst, however, it becomes a fairly expensive and trivial sonic wallpaper, decorating a space for a dinner party (and, by the way, it’s never the same). This brings me to the question of intent as it relates to taste and aesthetic.

First, Derrida: “We do not object to the drug user’s pleasure per se, but we cannot abide the fact that his is a pleasure taken in an experience without truth.” Taste, aesthetic, genre, vocabulary, and mode all function through social exchange. Scenes emerge via class and classification (race, gender, sexuality, age, geography). This is how we learn to love our music and thus how the love of some music can seem so alien to others. We learn the music’s tendencies, what to expect and how those expectations will be sustained and gratified, how they are subverted. We relate certain sounds to periods of our lives and the ones who introduced us to them. We pine for what spaces (venues and forums) a love of certain music might grant us access. In this way we get the experience of music that, yes, functions like a drug. Sianne Ngai:

…when someone proclaims that she finds a tree or a poem beautiful, the force of the conviction underlying the judgement tends to route our attention immediately back to the sheer event of her having found it so. This is why it can be so strangely difficult to respond to someone’s passionate declaration that something is beautiful, whether one agrees with the person’s judgment or not. Whether we nod in sympathetic agreement or politely say nothing, we are likely to feel like any response we might have to the response of the judging subject, however not unwelcomed, is somehow beside the point.

And quickly, back to Derrida, “we cannot abide the fact that [the drug user’s pleasure] is a pleasure taken in an experience without truth.” Strong aesthetics (like beauty) seize attention and enrapture, they are their own truth to the subject who perceives them. This is the importance of one aesthetic of Ngai’s interest: the interesting.

Ngai notes, “when someone feels compelled to make public his evaluation of an object as interesting, we seem equally compelled to ask immediately: why?” This compulsion is a mark of the lack of finality in the judgement of the interesting, an aesthetic that centers and produces consideration, evidence, and dialogue. Hence, Eno’s oft-repeated conclusion in his liner notes for his first proper “Ambient” album that “Ambient Music must be able to accommodate many levels of listening attention without enforcing one in particular; it must be as ignorable as it is interesting.” Theorist Francois Jullien might relate this to the aesthetic of blandness; Ngai herself suggests that there is something similar between the interesting and the cool. These aesthetics are all in some way about striking a very precarious balance: blandness, a field that must not be overcome; coolness, a putting forward that is both uncaring and novel.

Ngai points to the balancing act with which the interesting engages: “the interest of a theory is inversely proportional to the probability of its thesis and directly proportional to the provability of its argument.” In art, an aesthetic combination or formal arrangement is all the more interesting if it seems improbable and nonetheless seems to work. This is perhaps what made Eno’s 2016 release The Ship rather interesting: it featured collage-y, vocoder-laden, spacious extended song-pieces with a spoken word narrative in its midst and a Velvet Underground cover to end it (this cover landed fifth on Pitchfork’s “The Year in Disappointment 2016” list, perhaps a testament to its idea — it must’ve been interesting at first to go on to cause disappointment). However, the aesthetic combination found on Reflection no longer carries much of the threat of non-function.

Its strikes, drones, and delay are secure grounds to build an album upon. So are its long form and uneventfulness. So, while the threat that Ambient 1: Music for Airports posed nearly 40 years ago is carefully rehashed with each installment of Eno’s Ambient series, its effectivity has been nullified by decades of innovations toward (and bastardizations of) ambient music as a concept/genre. Consider NON co-founder Chino Amobi’s 2016 release Airport Music for Black Folks, which, with its title, at least suggests a lineage out of Eno’s Music for Airports going forward to break conventions and expectations accordingly. Like Eno’s, Airport Music for Black Folks features repetitive movements with minimal yet immersive material, manipulated unpredictably with each iteration. Different, however, is the intensity of the material, the use of language and voice, and the brevity of movements. Whether or not Airport Music for Black Folks or music by NON affiliates like Dedekind Cut are within the realm of (proper) ambient music (most would say they aren’t) is irrelevant to the fact that they engage with generated musical atmospheres: the creation of space. Whereas Eno’s textures sink into the background, effecting our thoughts as wallpaper might, allowing meditation and quiet contemplation, perhaps the cold reflective aggression of Chino Amobi’s gunshots within their steady, affective atmospheres may cue and trigger thoughts, attitudes, and actions.

This is all not to say that there is no space for ambient music to evolve in the forms it has thus been known (consider the minimal slippages of TMT favorite Huerco S.) — music that is interesting precisely because it is “as interesting as it is easy to ignore” — but that Eno’s continuation of his flag-bearing series is about as ignorable as it has always been with waning levels on the side of interest.

Mon Feb 06 05:08:55 GMT 2017